澳洲博士常称你为 HDR student（Higher Degree by Research）或 PhD candidate（通过初期审查后）。学校邮件与导师口头会反复出现 candidature、confirmation、annual review 等词——听懂不等于背政策，但要能问对问题、回对邮件。具体日期与表格以你校 Graduate Research 官网为准。
| 英文 | 中文理解 | 你可能听到的话 |
|---|---|---|
| Candidature | 博士学籍 / 候选资格阶段 | Your candidature commenced on … |
| Confirmation of candidature | 早期转正/开题通过（各校名略有差异） | Confirmation is due by month 12. |
| Annual review / progress review | 年度进展评估 | You'll need to submit a progress report. |
| Supervision team | 导师组（主导师 + 副导师等） | Your associate supervisor will join the panel. |
| Leave of absence (LoA) | 休学（暂停学籍计时规则因校而异） | Apply for leave through the research office. |
| Candidature upgrade | 部分学校：MPhil 转 PhD 等 | Upgrade seminar scheduled for … |
本课只教英语表达。截止日期、是否带薪、签证影响，务必以学校 Graduate Research Hub 书面说明为准。
常见要求：研究计划、文献综述、方法论草案、时间表。与导师沟通：
行政邮件可能写：Complete your Annual Progress Review by COB Friday.（COB = close of business，下班前）
| 情境 | 英文句型 |
|---|---|
| 向导师汇报进展 | Here's a draft progress summary — happy to adjust tone/length for the formal form. |
| 坦诚延迟 | I'm slightly behind on experiments due to GPU queue times — here's what I still expect to finish this semester. |
| 请求签字/提交 | When you have a moment, could you please sign off on my APR in the portal? |
| 收到「满意进展」 | Thanks for the feedback — I'll incorporate the milestones you suggested. |
除主导师 principal supervisor 外，可能有 associate / co-supervisor、外部合作者。
Dear Dr Smith and Dr Lee, I'm writing to share my draft confirmation document (attached). I'd appreciate any comments by [date] so I can submit on time. Thanks heaps.
个人原因、健康、家庭、签证等都可能涉及 LoA。用语偏正式，但可对导师先口头说明：
休学、减载（underload）可能影响学生签证。用英语问清楚：Should I notify the international student office as well?
| 里程碑 | 沟通要点 |
|---|---|
| Confirmation | 模板、mock、修订、感谢 |
| Annual review | draft、诚实延迟、portal 签字 |
| Supervision team | cc 规则、联合 meeting、副导 20 分钟 |
| Leave of absence | 先导师 confidential talk，再 research office |
术语扩展见 术语表。
点击你认为正确的选项
Q1: "Confirmation of candidature" 在多数澳洲高校语境下最接近——
Q2: 申请 leave of absence 前，对主导师较得体的一句是——
Q3: "COB Friday" 在行政邮件里通常表示——